Ethiopia urged to adopt strategic diplomacy on Nile water resources

Following the inauguration of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam GERD in September 2025, Egypt has reacted strongly to Ethiopia's indications of further water infrastructure development, framing it as a violation of international law and a threat to its existential water security. The article argues that while Ethiopia has a sovereign right to develop its water resources, supported by international water law principles of equitable and reasonable utilization, it needs a more sophisticated diplomatic campaign. This campaign should clearly distinguish between its right to utilize resources and any intention to harm downstream nations like Egypt and Sudan.

Ethiopia must effectively communicate that hydropower dams can regulate flows and prevent flooding, as demonstrated by the GERD, which caused no major downstream disruption during its filling. The article emphasizes the importance of engaging with international actors, including the United States, which has offered to mediate the dispute. Ethiopia should welcome constructive third-party involvement while ensuring that any mediation aligns with international water law and the interests of all Nile Basin states.

The long-term solution lies in a modern, basin-wide framework that considers water security, development, energy production, environmental sustainability, and climate variab