Horn of Africa's future hinges on regional cooperation, transcending colonial borders

Merchants, pastoralists, and scholars historically moved freely across the region, with the Red Sea, Nile, and Indian Ocean serving as vital connectors for economies and cultures. Colonial powers, particularly after the Berlin Conference, imposed borders that disregarded existing communities, splitting families and clans. Post-independence, African leaders largely maintained these colonial boundaries, which, while preventing immediate conflicts, entrenched divisions.

These borders continue to hinder economic progress by increasing transportation costs, impeding legitimate trade, and complicating investments, leading to low intra-African commerce. The region faces shared challenges like drought, floods, human trafficking, disease, and climate change, which transcend national boundaries and demand regional solutions. The author suggests that if European nations, after devastating wars, could build institutions for cooperation and easier movement, the Horn of Africa can also achieve deeper regional ties without sacrificing sovereignty.

The Horn possesses strategic maritime routes, vast resources, and a young population, yet remains one of the least integrated regions due to political mistrust, conflicts, weak infrastructure, corruption, poor governance, and short