Five proven ways to reduce heart attack risk

In Nigeria, over 235,000 people die annually from cardiovascular-related conditions, and ischaemic heart disease is a leading non-communicable cause of death. While heart attacks can seem sudden, underlying damage often develops over years due to medical conditions and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Professor Basil Okeahialam, a Professor of Internal Medicine at the College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, explains that a heart attack occurs when blood supply to the heart is blocked or severely reduced.

Experts recommend five essential steps to protect heart health. These include knowing and controlling blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol, as high levels of these factors damage blood vessels. A heart-healthy diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, while reducing salt, red and processed meats, and sugary foods, is crucial for preventing high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and abnormal cholesterol levels.

Staying physically active, with at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly, significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol is also vital, as tobacco damages blood vessels and alcohol abuse increases cardiovascular stress. Finally, managing chronic stress and ensuring adequate sleep are important, as poor sleep